Joseph Hatch (1837 – 2 September 1928) was a New Zealand politician, but is now remembered for harvesting penguins and elephant seals for their oil on the sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island from 1890 to 1919. About two million penguins were killed over nearly three decades. His company J. Hatch & Co was based in Invercargill, New Zealand and then Hobart, Tasmania where he is buried.
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Hatch was born in London, England in 1837 or 1838, and was a qualified chemist (pharmacist). In 1862 en route from Melbourne to Invercargill he saw the island with multitudes of penguins and sea elephants. He settled in Invercargill where he opened a pharmacy.
In Invercargill, he became a Councillor in 1876. He was Mayor of Invercargill in 1877–78.[1] He was the Member of Parliament for Invercargill from 1884 to 1887, when he was defeated.[2] His oil factor trade was controversial even then, although he was an entertaining speaker and debater.
The Dunedin firm of Elder and Co had pioneered the sea elephant oiling industry on Macquarie Island from 1878 to 1884. Hatch’s gang started with sea elephant bulls in 1887, but in 1889 with fewer bulls and the Norwegian development of a steam-pressure digestor which could extract oil from meat and bone as well as blubber and from smaller animals like penguins, Hatch realised the potential of the penguins on the island. Of the four species on the island (Rockhopper, King, Royal and Gentoo) they mainly utilised rock penguins. Eventually oiling plants were established at Lusitania Bay, South East Bay, The Nuggets, Hasselborough Bay and Bauer Bay.
Hatch had a legal dispute with his captain, Jacob Eckhoff over his ship, and there were three shipwrecks around the island (Gratitude, 1898; Clyde & Jessie Niccol 1910) with 20 deaths. The New Zealand Government was restricting the seal killing season from 1875, although Macquarie Island was unclaimed. By 1919 objections culminated in perhaps the first-ever international campaign to preserve wildlife, with Antarctic explorers like Douglas Mawson, Frank Hurley and Apsley Cherry-Garrard, supported by H G Wells in his story The Undying Fire and Baron Walter Rothschild.
Hatch had supporters in New Zealand as well, including his fellow Southland politician Sir Joseph Ward and the Tasmanian state government in Australia. He got a 7-year oiling lease from the Tasmanian state government in 1905, and in 1912 the headquarters was moved to Hobart, Tasmania. In 1915, a new company, Southern Isles Exploitation Co., was established. But by 1919 the Tasmanian government would only extend the lease for a year. By 1926, the company had collapsed, and Hatch lost his properties in Invercargill and Hobart.
He married Miss Sarah Annie Wilson in Melbourne, Australia in 1869. They had 3 daughters and 4 sons. Hatch died in 1928 aged 91.